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Modern Security & Hashing Utilities
Hash Algorithm Reference
| Algorithm | Sample digest of abc | Spec | Digest / Block | Security status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SHA-256 | ba7816bf8f01cfea414140de5dae2223b00361a396177a9cb410ff61f20015ad | FIPS 180-4, RFC 6234 | 256 bit / 512 bit | No known practical attacks. About 128-bit collision resistance. |
| SHA-384 | cb00753f45a35e8bb5a03d699ac65007272c32ab0eded1631a8b605a43ff5bed8086072ba1e7cc2358baeca134c825a7 | FIPS 180-4, RFC 6234 | 384 bit / 1024 bit | No known practical attacks. Truncated SHA-512, immune to length extension. |
| SHA-512 | ddaf35a193617abacc417349ae20413112e6fa4e89a97ea20a9eeee64b55d39a2192992a274fc1a836ba3c23a3feebbd454d4423643ce80e2a9ac94fa54ca49f | FIPS 180-4, RFC 6234 | 512 bit / 1024 bit | No known practical attacks. About 256-bit collision resistance. Faster than SHA-256 on 64-bit CPUs. |
| SHA-512/256 | 53048e2681941ef99b2e29b76b4c7dabe4c2d0c634fc6d46e0e2f13107e7af23 | FIPS 180-4 | 256 bit / 1024 bit | SHA-512 truncated to 256 bits. Immune to length extension. |
| SHA3-512 | b751850b1a57168a5693cd924b6b096e08f621827444f70d884f5d0240d2712e10e116e9192af3c91a7ec57647e3934057340b4cf408d5a56592f8274eec53f0 | FIPS 202 | 512 bit / 576-bit rate | Keccak sponge design. No known practical attacks. |
| BLAKE2b-512 | ba80a53f981c4d0d6a2797b69f12f6e94c212f14685ac4b74b12bb6fdbffa2d17d87c5392aab792dc252d5de4533cc9518d38aa8dbf1925ab92386edd4009923 | RFC 7693 | 512 bit / 1024 bit | No known practical attacks. Fast, not a NIST standard. |
Sample input for all rows: abc (3 bytes, UTF-8). SHA-512 is fine for integrity checks and checksums, but never store passwords with a bare fast hash: use Argon2id, bcrypt or PBKDF2.
SHA-512 Test Vector Dataset (28 Vectors & Standards)
NIST test vectors, reference strings, padding boundaries and output formats. Click Copy next to any hash. Enter the same input in the tool above to verify your own implementation. Every value was computed with Python hashlib and the NIST ones match FIPS 180-4.
| Identifier / Standard Name | Sample SHA-512 Hash | Underlying Algorithm | Technical Specs / Input | Output Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. NIST FIPS 180-4 Test Vectors | ||||
| FIPS 180-4 example: abc | ddaf35a193617abacc417349ae20413112e6fa4e89a97ea20a9eeee64b55d39a2192992a274fc1a836ba3c23a3feebbd454d4423643ce80e2a9ac94fa54ca49f | SHA-512 (FIPS 180-4) | Input "abc" (3 B); one-block message | 128 chars |
| FIPS 180-4 example: empty message | cf83e1357eefb8bdf1542850d66d8007d620e4050b5715dc83f4a921d36ce9ce47d0d13c5d85f2b0ff8318d2877eec2f63b931bd47417a81a538327af927da3e | SHA-512 (FIPS 180-4) | Input "" (0 B); the hash of nothing | 128 chars |
| FIPS 180-4 example: 448-bit message | 204a8fc6dda82f0a0ced7beb8e08a41657c16ef468b228a8279be331a703c33596fd15c13b1b07f9aa1d3bea57789ca031ad85c7a71dd70354ec631238ca3445 | SHA-512 (FIPS 180-4) | Input "abcdbcdecdefdefgefghfghighijhijkijkljklmklmnlmnomnopnopq" (56 B); 56 B, still a single 128-byte block | 128 chars |
| FIPS 180-4 example: 896-bit message | 8e959b75dae313da8cf4f72814fc143f8f7779c6eb9f7fa17299aeadb6889018501d289e4900f7e4331b99dec4b5433ac7d329eeb6dd26545e96e55b874be909 | SHA-512 (FIPS 180-4) | Input "abcdefghbcdefghicdefghijdefghijkefghijklfghijklmghijklmnhijklmnoijklmnopjklmnopqklmnopqrlmnopqrsmnopqrstnopqrstu" (112 B); 112 B, padding spills into a second block | 128 chars |
| FIPS 180-4 example: one million a | e718483d0ce769644e2e42c7bc15b4638e1f98b13b2044285632a803afa973ebde0ff244877ea60a4cb0432ce577c31beb009c5c2c49aa2e4eadb217ad8cc09b | SHA-512 (FIPS 180-4) | Input: 1,000,000 repetitions of "a" (1,000,000 B); reproduce with File mode | 128 chars |
| 2. Common Reference Strings | ||||
| Reference: hello world | 309ecc489c12d6eb4cc40f50c902f2b4d0ed77ee511a7c7a9bcd3ca86d4cd86f989dd35bc5ff499670da34255b45b0cfd830e81f605dcf7dc5542e93ae9cd76f | SHA-512 (FIPS 180-4) | Input "hello world" (11 B) | 128 chars |
| Reference: Hello, World! | 374d794a95cdcfd8b35993185fef9ba368f160d8daf432d08ba9f1ed1e5abe6cc69291e0fa2fe0006a52570ef18c19def4e617c33ce52ef0a6e5fbe318cb0387 | SHA-512 (FIPS 180-4) | Input "Hello, World!" (13 B) | 128 chars |
| Reference: The quick brown fox jumps over... | 07e547d9586f6a73f73fbac0435ed76951218fb7d0c8d788a309d785436bbb642e93a252a954f23912547d1e8a3b5ed6e1bfd7097821233fa0538f3db854fee6 | SHA-512 (FIPS 180-4) | Input "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog" (43 B); classic pangram | 128 chars |
| Reference: The quick brown fox jumps over... | 91ea1245f20d46ae9a037a989f54f1f790f0a47607eeb8a14d12890cea77a1bbc6c7ed9cf205e67b7f2b8fd4c7dfd3a7a8617e45f3c463d481c7e586c39ac1ed | SHA-512 (FIPS 180-4) | Input "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog." (44 B); one extra period changes the whole hash | 128 chars |
| Reference: a | 1f40fc92da241694750979ee6cf582f2d5d7d28e18335de05abc54d0560e0f5302860c652bf08d560252aa5e74210546f369fbbbce8c12cfc7957b2652fe9a75 | SHA-512 (FIPS 180-4) | Input "a" (1 B) | 128 chars |
| Reference: 0123456789 | bb96c2fc40d2d54617d6f276febe571f623a8dadf0b734855299b0e107fda32cf6b69f2da32b36445d73690b93cbd0f7bfc20e0f7f28553d2a4428f23b716e90 | SHA-512 (FIPS 180-4) | Input "0123456789" (10 B) | 128 chars |
| 3. Padding Boundaries and Encoding Edge Cases (128-byte blocks) | ||||
| 111-byte message | fa9121c7b32b9e01733d034cfc78cbf67f926c7ed83e82200ef86818196921760b4beff48404df811b953828274461673c68d04e297b0eb7b2b4d60fc6b566a2 | SHA-512 (FIPS 180-4) | Input "a" x111 (111 B); longest message that fits one block with padding | 128 chars |
| 112-byte message | c01d080efd492776a1c43bd23dd99d0a2e626d481e16782e75d54c2503b5dc32bd05f0f1ba33e568b88fd2d970929b719ecbb152f58f130a407c8830604b70ca | SHA-512 (FIPS 180-4) | Input "a" x112 (112 B); padding no longer fits, so a second block is added | 128 chars |
| 127-byte message | 828613968b501dc00a97e08c73b118aa8876c26b8aac93df128502ab360f91bab50a51e088769a5c1eff4782ace147dce3642554199876374291f5d921629502 | SHA-512 (FIPS 180-4) | Input "a" x127 (127 B); one byte short of a full block | 128 chars |
| 128-byte message | b73d1929aa615934e61a871596b3f3b33359f42b8175602e89f7e06e5f658a243667807ed300314b95cacdd579f3e33abdfbe351909519a846d465c59582f321 | SHA-512 (FIPS 180-4) | Input "a" x128 (128 B); exactly one full block of data, padding makes a second | 128 chars |
| 129-byte message | 4f681e0bd53cda4b5a2041cc8a06f2eabde44fb16c951fbd5b87702f07aeab611565b19c47fde30587177ebb852e3971bbd8d3fd30da18d71037dfbd98420429 | SHA-512 (FIPS 180-4) | Input "a" x129 (129 B); spills into a second block | 128 chars |
| Trailing newline | 4f285d0c0cc77286d8731798b7aae2639e28270d4166f40d769cbbdca5230714d848483d364e2f39fe6cb9083c15229b39a33615ebc6d57605f7c43f6906739d | SHA-512 (FIPS 180-4) | Input "abc" + LF (4 B); echo adds the LF, printf and echo -n do not | 128 chars |
| Windows line ending | e3bcf148cf4aba61ad59042dcca53e018f685cdc009f5e9f239e6f83de6dcc4d8ef0c714721b596627b7d8f9e2edb6c093298f95589c47ba82e439e1ae519f41 | SHA-512 (FIPS 180-4) | Input "abc" + CR LF (5 B); differs from LF-only | 128 chars |
| Single NUL byte | b8244d028981d693af7b456af8efa4cad63d282e19ff14942c246e50d9351d22704a802a71c3580b6370de4ceb293c324a8423342557d4e5c38438f0e36910ee | SHA-512 (FIPS 180-4) | Input hex 00 (1 B); use Hex bytes input type | 128 chars |
| Unicode NFC (precomposed e-acute) | 0c9dac7fe613719170790f08a5f7b9f5ef876c7b57ff429074bf417969c2c54107d924daf5e706568afca4712d91da1cfdf77588d76403a845177e23e3aeb8ce | SHA-512 (FIPS 180-4) | Input "caf" + U+00E9 (UTF-8: 63 61 66 c3 a9, 5 B) | 128 chars |
| Unicode NFD (e + combining acute) | 9052f8294ef6b8003a2db462a6d707874e61187c4498a638c7c8cbe3adbc5cae148ef9a38642ce7b480ab1742c1b135ee41a3fa3eca96d12e55372fabb29a97e | SHA-512 (FIPS 180-4) | Input "cafe" + U+0301 (UTF-8: 63 61 66 65 cc 81, 6 B); looks identical, hashes differently | 128 chars |
| Emoji (4-byte UTF-8) | 9b1ce8b6649e678e1cb7bca85afeaae750add5cfb0668d25ebba5e7f0038f1b6bdcc4bacd909049e752be2a3a3c0158c0f2bb5a33d8101b2ed5d74a66ece2425 | SHA-512 (FIPS 180-4) | Input U+1F600 grinning face (UTF-8: f0 9f 98 80, 4 B) | 128 chars |
| All byte values 0x00-0xFF | 1e7b80bc8edc552c8feeb2780e111477e5bc70465fac1a77b29b35980c3f0ce4a036a6c9462036824bd56801e62af7e9feba5c22ed8a5af877bf7de117dcac6d | SHA-512 (FIPS 180-4) | Input hex 00 01 02 ... fe ff (256 B); use Hex bytes input type | 128 chars |
| 4. Output Formats (digest of abc) | ||||
| Hex uppercase | DDAF35A193617ABACC417349AE20413112E6FA4E89A97EA20A9EEEE64B55D39A2192992A274FC1A836BA3C23A3FEEBBD454D4423643CE80E2A9AC94FA54CA49F | SHA-512 + Hex | Same 64 digest bytes as uppercase hex; hex comparison is case-insensitive | 128 chars |
| Base64 (RFC 4648) | 3a81oZNherrMQXNJriBBMRLm+k6JqX6iCp7u5ktV05ohkpkqJ0/BqDa6PCOj/uu9RU1EI2Q86A4qmslPpUyknw== | SHA-512 + Base64 | 88 characters including == padding | 88 chars |
| Base64URL (RFC 4648 section 5) | 3a81oZNherrMQXNJriBBMRLm-k6JqX6iCp7u5ktV05ohkpkqJ0_BqDa6PCOj_uu9RU1EI2Q86A4qmslPpUyknw | SHA-512 + Base64URL | 86 characters, URL-safe alphabet, no padding | 86 chars |
| SRI integrity attribute | sha512-3a81oZNherrMQXNJriBBMRLm+k6JqX6iCp7u5ktV05ohkpkqJ0/BqDa6PCOj/uu9RU1EI2Q86A4qmslPpUyknw== | SHA-512 + Base64 | Subresource Integrity value for script and link tags: sha512- followed by Base64 | 95 chars |
| OCI / Docker-style digest | sha512:ddaf35a193617abacc417349ae20413112e6fa4e89a97ea20a9eeee64b55d39a2192992a274fc1a836ba3c23a3feebbd454d4423643ce80e2a9ac94fa54ca49f | SHA-512 + Hex | Digest notation: sha512: followed by lowercase hex | 135 chars |
FAQ
Is SHA-512 more secure than SHA-256?
Both have no known practical attacks. SHA-512 offers about 256-bit collision resistance against about 128 bits for SHA-256, but both are far beyond what attackers can reach. SHA-512 is usually faster on 64-bit CPUs and slower on 32-bit devices, so choose by compliance rules and performance. Neither is suitable on its own for storing passwords.
Is SHA-512 vulnerable to length extension attacks?Yes. Plain SHA-512 outputs its full internal state, so an attacker who knows hash(secret + message) can compute a valid hash of the message plus extra data without knowing the secret. Authenticate with HMAC-SHA-512 instead of hashing a secret and message together, or use SHA-384 or SHA-512/256, which truncate the state and are not affected.
How long is a SHA-512 hash and why do two tools give different results?SHA-512 produces 512 bits: 64 bytes, shown as 128 hex characters or 88 Base64 characters. Different results almost always mean different input bytes: a trailing newline (echo adds one, echo -n does not), CRLF versus LF line endings, Unicode normalization (NFC versus NFD) or another text encoding. This tool hashes the exact UTF-8 bytes you type.